Here are the components that make up an Arduino board and what each of their functions are.
1 - Reset Button – This will restart any code that is loaded to the Arduino board
2 - AREF – Stands for “Analog Reference” and is used to set an external reference voltage
3 - Ground Pin – There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they all work the same
4 - Digital Input/Output – Pins 0-13 can be used for digital input or output
5 - PWM – The pins marked with the (~) symbol can simulate analog output
6 - USB Connection – Used for powering up your Arduino and uploading sketches
7 - TX/RX – Transmit and receive data indication LEDs
8 - ATmega Microcontroller – This is the brains and is where the programs are stored
9 - Power LED Indicator – This LED lights up anytime the board is plugged in a power source
10 - Voltage Regulator – This controls the amount of voltage going into the Arduino board
11 - DC Power Barrel Jack – This is used for powering your Arduino with a power supply
12 - 3.3V Pin – This pin supplies 3.3 volts of power to your projects
13 - 5V Pin – This pin supplies 5 volts of power to your projects
14 - Ground Pins – There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they all work the same
15 - Analog Pins – These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor and convert it to digital
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